Gingivitis vs. Periodontitis

Gingivitis and periodontitis are both stages of gum disease. Gingivitis is the first, milder stage with symptoms like swollen or bleeding gums, although, sometimes, it's symptomless. If untreated, gingivitis progresses to the second stage, more serious form of gum disease, periodontitis. Here, a gum infection below the gumline causes inflammation, receding gums, and loose teeth. Left untreated, periodontitis can progress to tooth and bone loss.

Causes of Gingivitis

Gingivitis is commonly caused by poor oral hygiene. When plaque develops on teeth, it leads to inflammation of the surrounding gum tissues. Plaque, a sticky bacterial film, forms on teeth when starches and sugars in food combine with mouth bacteria. Daily removal of plaque is essential as it quickly reaccumulates. If left untreated, plaque hardens into tartar (calculus) beneath the gumline, providing a protective shield for bacteria. This can mean sore gums and other signs of gum disease. Prolonged presence of plaque and tartar can result in swollen, bleeding gums, tooth decay, and progression to periodontitis and eventual tooth loss. Professional dental cleaning is necessary to remove tartar effectively.

How to Prevent Gingivitis

Prevention of gum disease has a few strategies. First, good oral hygiene is essential. It would be ideal to brush after every meal or snack. Otherwise, brushing your teeth for at least two minutes, twice a day (morning and bedtime), and daily flossing works, too. Regular dental visits every six months for cleanings is also essential. However, if you are at a higher risk for periodontitis, you may need more frequent professional cleanings. Additionally, dental X-rays can detect hidden issues and monitor changes in your gum health. Lifestyle changes and reducing risk factors is essential to preventing gum disease. For example, eating a healthy diet of nutrient-dense foods and avoiding the sugars and starches that can contribute to the development of plaque helps. For patients with diabetes, managing blood sugar levels contributes to gum health. Also, stopping smoking or using tobacco products helps prevent gingivitis.